Code Wars

One line per machine instruction, specific to the processor it targets. Nothing is done for you, including arithmetic on addresses.

Made so that non-specialists could program. Home computers booted straight into it, so a generation met code by typing line numbers.

The large, industrial Lisp: macros that rewrite the language, and an object system most languages still do not match.

Pascal with a visual designer for Windows software. Plenty of business applications still run on it and quietly get maintained.

Built for numbers and still used for them: weather models and physics simulations lean on it because the math libraries are decades deep.

C with Smalltalk-style messaging, and how Mac and iPhone apps were written before Swift. The square brackets are the giveaway.

Designed to teach structured programming, then used to ship real software. Turbo Pascal put a compiler on home computers.

Built for text and reports, and glue for a generation of system administration. Its regular expressions became everyone else's.

A deliberately tiny Lisp used to teach how languages themselves work. Almost everything is a list, including the code.

You state facts and rules, and it searches for answers. There is no loop to write, which is either liberating or maddening.

Drag a window together, double-click a button, write what happens. It made Windows apps buildable by people who were not programmers.

Basic's scripting cousin, wired into Windows and Internet Explorer. It also became a favorite delivery method for email viruses.